陈思诚 电影世界中最精明的产品经理

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截至7月15日中午,电影《消失的她》总票房已经超过了33亿元——有观众评价,这也是「陈思诚式电影」的又一次胜利。「陈思诚式电影」究竟是一种什么类型的电影?而之于电影,陈思诚又是一个怎样的存在?以下,是专业影评人梅雪风的解读——


文|梅雪风

图|(除特殊标注外)网络


1

要聊陈思诚监制的《消失的她》的大火,则必须聊下沉。这是当下正在发生的最重大的事实之一。

这种下沉是全方位的。于新闻媒体来说,曾经编辑主导的精英趣味,全方面让位为今日头条式的算法百法骄宠的个人趣味。于视频来说,曾经还注意节奏故事的长视频,全方位让位于抖音快手式的、充满着魔性而又单调背景音乐的小段子。于文学而言,曾经的余华苏童王朔,都成了古墓派前辈,他们全方位让位于那些男频女频耽美穿越等精准直击每一个G点的新类型小说。于电影来说,同样如此。整个中国电影市场的扩容,就是一个快速下沉的过程。一线城市的白领中产趣味,被三四线城市的小镇趣味迅速取代。十多年前,曾经在冯小刚、宁浩、陆川等创作的主流电影中所存在的隐喻、暧昧和指东打西,迅速被一种更直白也更强烈的审美所取代。

从这种角度来说,陈思诚监制的这部《消失的她》可以说是其中的集大成者。

如果说,贾樟柯后期的某些电影像是某些严肃媒体的新闻特稿,那么陈思诚的《消失的她》则更像某些来路不清却又流传甚广的公号文。

它对时事有着猎隼般的热忱和精准度。现实中「东南亚噶腰子」的传说方兴未艾,《消失的她》就适时地承接了大众这种津津乐道的兴致。现实中家暴等女性权益话题热度不减,《消失的她》同样在其中对此深挖广查。现实中的关于阶层的焦虑,在《消失的她》中,被直白地描述于经典的单纯富家女和腹黑底层男的故事。

它对当下集体情绪的拼盘式组接,很难不让普通观众有一种饱腹感。

它和所有流行的公号文一样,不准备真正探讨所有社会问题的真正成因,它只是借此来让观众共情,然后一起玩一个解谜的游戏。

从悬疑来说,它显然没有西班牙的《看不见的客人》那般的精练和奇诡,从真正的社会关怀来说,它与前几年的《我不是药神》不可同日而语。但当两者组合,它深刻地满足了一些观众的心理。

简单粗暴,是流量时代最行之有效的方法论。

电影的最顶端是博物馆艺术馆,最底端是马戏团的表演。所有的导演,都处在这一钢丝的某一个位置。处在上层的,绝大部分观众是电影节观众及死忠的影迷。处在下层的,绝大部分观众进影院只为看个热闹。

陈思诚的厉害之处,在于他本质上拍的是马戏团的杂耍,却又有着某些观众自认的艺术馆的包装。这包装,对于某些高端观众而言,显得太过小儿科。但对于大部分观众而言,却是实打实的加分项,让电影格调提升的法宝。

就如同影片中梵高的《星空》,为什么是梵高,为什么是《星空》,因为只有最有名的画家,以及他最出名的作品,才能让大多数观众有所了解却又不真正了解。如果观众对此毫无知识准备,那么这种格调提升也就无从谈起。如果很清楚,又会神秘感丧失。这知与不知之间,正是让观众能否微醺的关键。

而能否掌握这种分寸,则是一个导演是否真正了解现在观众的窍要之所在。

廉价感,与并不高级的逼格,是陈思诚被很多评论者诟病的原因。但这却是他的目标观众欣赏的地方。而通过陈思诚在《唐探》系列中对于美术及场面调度的设计和控制来说,他所做的这一切并非能力不济,之所以廉价,以及偶尔将廉价包装为高级,属于他心知肚明地对目标观众群的精准投喂。

在这个时代,有些观众已被算法宠坏,他们的认知和审美在机器的无底线迎合下,变得前所未有的坚固,他们也越发缺乏耐心。他们所需要看到的东西,是对他们固有认识的强化, 而非对他们盲区的扩展甚至是触犯。而陈思诚的电影,就有着这样的功效,它提供的仍然是官能刺激最基本的那一套,却又能让观众有看透世事的爽感,他只是重复性地传递一些约定俗成的人性观察,却在某个层面与观众高度共振,并认为这就是这个世界的真相。

《消失的她》


2

从这个角度来说,如果说要拿一个人与陈思诚对标,这个人应该是王晶,只不过陈思诚算是精装版的王晶。

香港电影在上世纪80年代末90年代初,以录像带VCD以及录像厅作为媒介,成为那个时代真正的大众精神食粮。它用市井里的烟火气消解了大众已显得不耐烦的宏大叙事,用彻底的娱乐消解了那种虚假的庄严,它是对过往过于紧绷的精神生活的一次松解。它的草根本位,它的尽皆癫狂尽皆疯狂,它浓厚的人情味,它对系统始终如一的警惕,当然还有它对于下三路趣味的津津乐道,一切都让人放松而又振奋。出生于上世纪70年代末的陈思诚,很难不受其影响。

就像所有的事物一样,香港电影也有着两种相反的倾向。

一种是建设性的,比如它的草根本位,让它天然对普通人的生活充满了热情,所以才会有许鞍华的《天水围的日与夜》《桃姐》、张之亮的《笼民》、方育民的《半边人》等电影。因为草根本位,它天然对系统有着某种反思,所以它才对卧底题材那么感兴趣,从《龙虎风云》到《无间道》无不如此。

而在另一面,如果对某种宏大的精神价值失去兴趣,同时又对个体的人性同样缺乏信任时,人的精神世界就会迅速坍塌,欲望就会成为全部,所以,这种倾向也就成了香港电影的另一极。比如在王晶的很多电影中,都充满着无节制的声色犬马,看不到任何试图与观众交流情感的企图,人生似乎除了满足欲望之外,并无它物。王晶从不高看观众。

于陈思诚而言,他更多的是继承了后者。在他最为知名的《唐探》系列中,我们能看到那种隐晦或直白的性笑话,能看到唐仁、秦风数次的男扮女装,以及很多让人浮想联翩的男性之间的暧昧戏码。影片从始至终充斥的粉色味道,与王晶电影如出一辙。某种程度上,这些戏份可以说深得港片真传,因为那种自在与松弛,这种放松来自于骨子里对某种戏码的津津乐道,来自于道德上的正当性甚至是优越感。当然这种烙着深深的三十年前男性审美甚至可以说是剥削性的性笑料,在现在的舆论环境特别是知识女性看来,确实有些刺眼。但普通观众给予的反应,则证明了各个群落之间共识的缺乏,以及旧式审美惯性的强大。

《唐人街探案2》

而王宝强那癫狂的表演方式,很难说没受周星驰表演的影响。至于动作场景,无论是《唐探》第一集中的大闹警察局,还是第二集在纽约街头追逐,或者第三集开头的机杨混战,其形态与成龙电影也有着血脉上的联系。至于片中各种镜头的运用,我们能看到朴赞郁、盖·里奇、克里斯蒂夫·诺兰等很多知名导演的知名作品的某些碎片的影子。这种杂糅,也是香港电影曾经的特色之一。

陈思诚和王晶两人相似的地方不止如此。

王晶无数次声称,对他来说电影从不是艺术,而是一个商品,他可以资助许鞍华拍《天水围的日与夜》,但他决不与所谓艺术有一毛钱关系。

而陈思诚也在言谈中透露出他对某种艺术的拒绝,据说他在招人时听对方说阿彼查邦,就会立马拒绝对方。他对自己所从事的事业有着极为清醒的认知。他显然在价值观上也并不把精英文化界所认同的艺术奉为圭臬,对于他所参与的娄烨的《春风沉醉的晚上》,在接受媒体采访时,他并没有显出特别的热情,他更愿意说这部电影让他错失了别的作品,「少赚了一些微薄的钱」。

这种对于电影的功利态度,又与他们更内在的对于人生的看法相关。

在王晶的《鹿鼎记》里,陈近南对韦小宝说:「这个世界就是钱和女人,底层人不知道,就要用宗教来麻醉他们。」这种冷酷的透彻,是王晶真正价值观的显露,显示出他对他的观众并不像他的电影那么热忱和尊重。他更愿意做的是,顺着大众的欲望,给他们所想要的,并不觉得自己有告诉他们实话的必要。

王晶(右)与周星驰

在陈思诚的电影中,我们同样看不到任何倾述的欲望。

我们看到的更多是兴高采烈,虽然他主导的电影全部是犯罪题材。人物的死亡,只是主角得以登台的借口,人物的死亡或者消失越离奇,他的主角越有发挥的空间。人物的死亡在陈思诚的电影中是没有痛感的,它只是一个游戏得以开始的必备条件。

在他的所有电影中,人性恶是真正的基调,但这种恶都被陈思诚轻描淡写地放过了。所有的强调,都来自于某种纠结,某种不舍,某种想不开,当创作者认为这是理所当然时,他也就没有强调的必要了。当没有这种心结时,也就没有了真正的表达,或者说,所有的表达都是公式化的。

王晶和陈思诚都是真正的聪明人,他们没有一吐为快的创作冲动,他们也没有兴趣教化或者启发观众,他们深知告诉观众或者读者实话是有风险的,因为打破自己的固有认知是一件痛苦的事,而一般人面对这种情况时,最自然的反应就是拒绝,同时为了减轻自己内在的不安感,还会将告知自己不一样真相的人认定为大逆不道或者别有用心。

或者更残酷地说,越是底层,越不准备在电影中寻求真相,现实中过载的真相已让他们喘不过气来,他们寻求的是逃离现实,与现实越远越好。所以很多有社会责任感的创作者,满含热情甚至是热泪地为他所关心的群体拍出某部电影后,却得不到这些群落的任何回声,就是这个道理。

比如贾樟柯,他对于农民工这个群体现状那深沉的关怀,他希望他拍摄的那些对象来看他的电影,但这个群落肯定不会也确实没有投以他所期待的关注。只有身处大城市的精英和小资阶层,物质生活优渥或者起码充足,才有余力去关注除自身之外的别的群体,他们的感情并没有在精疲力尽的日常生活中被耗尽,而是被积攒起来,有释放的能力和余量。

这种错位,是每一个有道德感的创作者永恒的痛。

当然,并不是说观众不需要任何精神,完全满足于纯粹底层欲望的观众是不存在的,他们需要某种平衡,刻薄点说,他们需要某种幌子。在媚俗与媚雅之间,并不是个二选一的问题,而是全都要的问题,唯一的问题是里面的配比。

比如所有的战争片,都有一个反战的主题。但对大多数战争片来说,反战这个主题,是不重要的,它只是以此为包装,去兜售暴力。但这个包装很重要,因为只有在这个名义下,观众才能心安理得地去欣赏暴力。如果没有这个包装,观众就有着直面自己欲望的尴尬,无论是对人还是对己,承认自我是个暴力狂都是件难堪的事情。

在这一点来说,陈思诚深谙某些观众的心理,在他的《唐探》系列中,在影片后部,他总是突兀而又恰到好处地进入某种正剧模式,虽然前面的欢腾里根本透露不出后面描写的悲苦的任何痕迹。比如唐仁的前史,比如秦风的童年创伤。它们本质上是对观众的一种精神善后,是在过多调料的催情下所产生的高潮后对必然产生的贤者时刻的及时干预,是在放纵后的安全落地,就如同久经欢场的人悄无声息地回归家庭一样完美。

《唐人街探案》里的秦风


3

在内地电影的发展过程中,电影从开始的宣传工具,到后来的艺术作品,再到现在的娱乐产品,从上世纪80年代初到现在,已四十年左右。电影的这三个角色,随着时代及作者的不同,在具体作品中各自所占的比重一直在不稳定的波动。

从第五代,第六代,再到现在无法命名的第n代,在内地这些知名的创作者中,真正把电影作为产品,而不作为其它,其实很少见。陈思诚是罕有的几个之一。

因此,在其他导演的作品所常见的挣扎,在陈思诚的电影中完全见不到。

以第五代来说,他们赖以成名的是他们当年在形式上的离经叛道,以及内容上对于某些传统文化劣根性宏大且有力的追问。当他们与这个时代相遇时,那个时代的人会本能地与时俱进,这让他们不甘心于退出舞台中心,他们中几个旗手都投身到现在主旋律商业片的大浪潮中来。但他们的创作惯性,还是会在某个瞬间显形。比如张艺谋,他的《狙击手》、《悬崖之上》甚至是《满江红》, 我们都能感受他努力热血起来的诚意和努力,但他骨子里的冷酷,总是在某些不经意露出真身,让他的电影中冷与热如同水与油般无法融合,有一种勉强感。

很多人在所谓个人表达与可看性之间搞着平衡,在个人的艺术探索与大体量的工业标准之间举步艰难,或者在看似大众的形态中暗中布局挟带私货,或者在孤高的电影主旨之外,涂上若干媚俗的贴片试图鱼目混珠,想顺手牵羊地收获一些票房。当然也有完全拧巴的,他们坚持着小众电影的形态,却认为他们应该收获最多人的关注及真金白银的票房奖赏,他们其实弄不清商业电影与艺术电影之间的本质区别。既要又要的贪婪与执着, 让人叹息辛酸乃至扼腕。

如果从这个角度来说,陈思诚和他曾经合作的娄烨一样纯粹,只不过娄烨安心于他的边缘叙事和他的边缘位置,在那些疯狂的电影人物状态中,去描摹人性的纹理,以及中国时代变革在他们身体和灵魂上留下的阴影与灼痕。

而陈思诚则一心一意地打造他的推理IP,观众的趣味成了他的唯一着眼点,他的聪明让他发明了海外华人犯罪和推理这一中国特殊亚类型,他的故事全部发生在海外,这当然聪明地避开了我国对于此类题材的限制,同时,《唐探》系列中中国侦探横扫美日的情节,也与现在国人高涨的民族自豪感暗合,看看他的三部曲中都存在的在泰、美、日的地标上载歌载舞的场面,是不是与我们听说的中国大妈在世界各地跳广场舞的故事有着某种情感上的一致性?

他以一个产品经理的冷静甚至是冷酷看待所有的这一切。计算的痕迹,在他的电影中随处可见,他甚至对此毫不遮掩,因为他准确地知道他的观众是谁。他不受任何所谓高级微妙等说辞的影响,也没有一般商业片创作者内心面对所谓艺术殿堂时的谦卑,他精明且骄傲地占据着中国电影市场某一片不小的疆土,并且按部就班地扩充着自己的版图,他不准备也没有必要向某些评价屈服,他的膝盖只留给他的特有观众。

第62届戛纳国际电影节,陈思诚和娄烨。图源视觉中国

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